41 Acronyms
Car-oriented development patterns refer to urban areas designed with a primary focus on accommodating cars over other modes of transportation, thereby making car travel the predominant mode. These patterns are characterized by large city blocks, wide streets, and extensive parking areas. Car-centric development has been widespread in the US since the 1960s.
Commuting refers to travel between home and work.
Complete streets are part of a transportation planning strategy that ensures the transportation network is designed and maintained to accommodate safe mobility for all modes and road users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists, and transit riders of various ages and abilities (McCann et al, 2023).
Containers applied to freight are a standardized metal box used for shipping goods domestically or internationally by sea, rail, or road.
Demand response (DR) refers to a transit mode comprised of passenger cars, vans or small buses operating in response to calls from passengers or their agents to the transit operator, who then dispatches a vehicle to pick up the passengers and transport them to their destinations (FTA, 2024).
Euclidean distance is the length of the line segment that connects two points.
First-mile and last-mile refers to the initial and final segments of a journey, typically between a transportation hub (such as a train station or bus stop) and the traveler’s origin or destination.
Geolocation refers to the process of determining and identifying the geographical location of a device or a person using various technologies such as GPS, Wi-Fi, or cellular networks.
intermodal facilities are terminals linking at least two transportation modes. In passenger transportation, airports serve as intermodal facilities connecting land and air modes. For freight, they can be port terminals connecting water and land modes (such as ships, barges, and rail); rail terminals linking other land modes (rail and trucks); and truck-based distribution centers and warehousing hubs connecting land modes (trucks and rail) and water modes (ships or barges).
Internet of things refers to a network of interconnected devices (from smart phones, computers and appliance to car transponders, security cameras and cities) and objects like sensors that can communicate and exchange data over the internet without human intervention.
ISO standards are internationally recognized guidelines or specifications established by the International Organization for Standardization to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency in various industries and processes.
Logistics in freight transportation refers to container-based intermodal transportation of bulk goods for the long haul. Carriers use different freight modes and intermodal facilities to move cargo to its final destination.
Micro-mobility modes refer to small, lightweight, and usually electric vehicles or devices used for short-distance urban transportation, such as electric scooters, bicycles, and electric skateboards.
Mobility as a service (MaaS) is a transportation concept that integrates various modes of transportation into a single service accessible through a digital platform, allowing users to plan, book, and pay and seamlessly experience their journey.
Network-based distance is the realistic distance between an origin and a destination that a pedestrian or traveler would traverse over a street network to reach the destination.
Paratransit in the US is an individualized form of public transportation service without fixed routes and timetables. It is often designed to meet the mobility needs of individuals with disabilities or those who are unable to use conventional public transportation.
Public Transportation As defined in the Federal Transit Act, “transportation by a conveyance that provides regular and continuing general or special transportation to the public” (FTA, 2024).
Smart cities are urban areas that utilize technology—the IoT, and data-driven solutions to improve efficiency of operations, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.
Transit desert refers to an area with limited or no access to public transportation services, making it difficult for residents without private cars to travel affordably within the area or to other destinations.
Transit feeder is a transportation service that connects passengers from an origin point to a main transit system (rail or bus on main transportation routes).
Transportation network companies (TNC) also known as ride-hailing or rideshare companies, utilize mobile phone apps to offer on-demand transportation and delivery services.
Transportation mode: A transportation mode refers to the specific method used for traveling or transporting people and goods, each relying on distinct infrastructure, vehicles, operators, and operations. Except for walking, modes rely on specific mobility technologies and fuel for movement on land, air, or water.
Transportation regime: In the socio-technical transitions perspective, a regime encompasses the social, material, and technological elements that maintain and reproduce a socio-technical system. These regimes encompass various dimensions, including technology, government regulations, infrastructure, markets, cultural values, and social practices. Each travel mode within the road passenger transportation system is conceptualized as a regime, with the car being the dominant regime, while modes like public transit or cycling are secondary in comparison.
Unlinked Passenger Trips (UPT) are the number of passengers who board public transportation vehicles. Passengers are counted each time they board vehicles no matter how many vehicles they use to travel from their origin to their destination (FTA, 2024).
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