96 TPPH

Part I Fundamentals of U.S. Surface Transportation

Chapter 1 Brief History of U.S. Transportation Policy and Traffic Congestion: A Persistent Transportation Planning Issue

Afrin, T., & Yodo, N. (2020). A survey of road traffic congestion measures towards a sustainable and resilient transportation system. Sustainability, 12(11), 4660.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114660

Cambridge Systematics, Inc., & Texas Transportation Institute. (2005).Traffic congestion and reliability: Trends and advanced strategies for congestion mitigation-Final report. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion_report/

Congressional Budget Office (CBO). (2020). Reauthorizing federal highway programs: Issues and options. U.S. Congressional Budget Office, May 2020.https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2020-05/56346-CBO-Highway-Reauthorization.pdf.

Department of Transportation Act of 1966. Pub. L. 89-670 (1966). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg931.pdf

Highway Trust Fund. Title 26 U.S.C. § 9503 (2018 edition). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCODE-2022-title26/USCODE-2022-title26-subtitleI-chap98-subchapA-sec9503

Falcocchio, J.C. & Levinson, H. S. (2015). Road Traffic Congestion: A Concise Guide (1st ed. 2015.). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15165-6

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2015). How can we deal with congestion? Congestion and reliability: Linking solutions to problem. Chapter 4, final report. Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion_report_04/chapter4.htm

FHWA. (2023). U.S. Department of Transportation. What is Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO)? | Transportation Systems Management and Operations (TSMO) Plans | Organizing and Planning for Operations – FHWA Office of Operations (dot.gov). Retrieved from https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/tsmo/

Handy, S. (2019, May 20). The Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis (ITS-Davis) mini-lecture: Accessibility vs. mobility [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/4OMv6CqrzvE?feature=shared

Handy, S. (2020, May 15). The Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis (ITS-Davis) mini-lectureInduced travel[Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/PzM8NZpnPOI?feature=shared

Hanson, S. (2004). The context of urban travel: Concepts and recent trends. In S. Hanson & G. Giuliano (Eds.), The geography of urban transportation (3rd ed., pp. 3-29). Guilford.

HDR (2009). Assessing the full costs of congestion on surface transportation systems and reducing them through pricing. Report prepared by HDR for the Office of Economic and Strategic Analysis, U.S. Department of Transportation. February 2009. https://www.transportation.gov/office-policy/transportation-policy/assessing-full-costs-congestion-surface-transportation-systems

Kuzmyak, J. R., Pratt, R. H., Douglas, G. B., & Spielberg, F. (2003). Chapter 15: Land use and site design: Traveler response to transportation system changes. (TCRP Report 95) Transportation Research Board. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24727/traveler-response-to-transportation-system-changes-handbook-third-edition-chapter-15-land-use-and-site-design

Lomax, T., Turner, S., Shunk, G., Levinson, H. S., Pratt, R. H., Bay, P. N., & Douglas, G. B. (1997).Quantifying congestion.(NCHRP Report 398, Article Project 7-13).http://trid.trb.org/view/475257.

Macon, A. (2017, August 14). Just how bad is Dallas’ rush hour traffic?DMagazine.http://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2017/08/dallas-rush-hour-traffic/

Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C. (2015). Funding Challenges in Highway and Transit. A Federal, State, and Local Analysis.https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2015/02/24/funding-challenges-in-highway-and-transit-a-federal-state-local-analysis

Portland Metro Region (2021).Transportation System Management & Operations (TSMO) Strategy. Adopted January 2022. Resolution 21-5220. 2021-Regional-Transportation-System-Management-Operations-Strategy-20220106.pdf (oregonmetro.gov)

Shaheen, S., Stocker, A., & Meza, R. (2019). Social equity impacts of congestion management strategies. UC Berkeley: Transportation Sustainability Research Center. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9z9618mn

The White House (2021).Executive order on advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the federal government. Briefing Room. January 20, 2021.https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-government/

Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). (2023, April 12). TXDOT: What is TMSO? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/gtf2B7xUuIQ?feature=shared

Traffic bottleneck. (2021, September 22). InWikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Traffic_bottleneck&oldid=1045825368

USDOT – US Department of Transportation (2017).Beyond traffic 2045. Final Report, January 9, 2017.https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/BeyondTraffic_tagged_508_final.pdf

USDOT – US Department of Transportation (2022).Equity Action Plan. January 2022. U.S. Department of Transportation.https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2022-04/Equity_Action_Plan.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Transportation Statistics Annual Report 2023(Washington, DC: 2023). https://doi.org/10.21949/1529944

Wikipedia contributors. (2024, July 13). Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:27, August 2, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Act&oldid=1234205268

Wikipedia contributors. (2024, August 4). Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:18, August 19, 2024, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Act&oldid=1238560366

Weingroff, R.F. (1996). Federal Aid Road Act of 1916: Building the foundationPublic Roads, 60 (1), FHWA,https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/summer-1996/federal-aid-road-act-1916-building-foundation

Chapter 2 Transportation Planning and Modeling

Argonne National Laboratory Transportation Research and Analysis Computing Center. (n.d.) Chicago, different roads modeled by TRANSIMS software program. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/argonne/3467719301.

Beimborn, E.A. (2006). A Transportation modeling primer. Center for Urban Transportation Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. https://its.uci.edu/~mmcnally/reports/Primer-Beimborn-Mar09.pdf

Caliper, Corp. (2020). The Central Coast Supra-Regional Activity-Based Model (CC AMB), p. 3 https://www.ambag.org/sites/default/files/2021-03/CCABM_ProjectOverview_PDFA.pdf

Castiglione, J., Bradley, M., & Gliebe, J. (2015). Activity-based travel demand models: A primer (No. SHRP 2 Report S2-C46-RR-1).

Federal Highway Administration. (2012). Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21). (2012). National goals and performance management measures, Title 1, 23 USC 150(b) [Fact Sheet]. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/pm.cfm#:~:text=A%20key%20feature%20of%20MAP,achievement%20of%20the%20national%20goals.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2020). Building links to improve safety: How safety and transportation planning practitioners work together. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tsp/fhwasa16116/saf_plan.pdf

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration. (2018). The transportation planning process: Key issues for transportation decision-makers, officials, and staff. U. S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/

Federal Highway Administration. (2022). Planning glossary. Retrieved from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Planning/glossary

Federal Highway Administration. (2022). The safe system approach. U. S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://highways.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/FHWA_SafeSystem_Brochure_V9_508_200717.pdf.https://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/RTPO_factsheet_master.pdf

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration. (2021). What is a regional transportation planning organization? [Fact sheet]. U. S. Department of Transportation.

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration. (2023, January 2023). Federal transportation planning process [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/T2BCt39Ub1k?feature=shared

File:TransportationInputsOutputs.png. (2020, October 20). Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved 01:46, August 20, 2024 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TransportationInputsOutputs.png&oldid=495382280.

fresource.org (2024). Benefits of activity-based models. Travel forecasting resource, https://tfresource.org/topics/Benefits_of_Activity_Based_Models.html

Levinson, D., Liu, H., Garrison, W., Hickman, M., Danczyk, A., Corbett, M., & Nee, B. (2014). Fundamentals of transportation. Wikibooks. https://www.oercommons.org/courses/fundamentals-of-transportation-about/view

NCHRP. (2010). Advanced Practices in Travel Forecasting. NCHRP Synthesis 406, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22950/advanced-practices-in-travel-forecasting

NCHRP. (2012). Travel Demand Forecasting: Parameters and Techniques. NCHRPP Report 716, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14665/travel-demand-forecasting-parameters-and-techniques

Northeast Ohio Sustainable Communities Consortium. (2020). Act: Add your voice to transportation projects! https://vibrantneo.org/act-add-your-voice-to-transportation-projects/

PTV VISSIM 11 software showing highway and rapid transit elements- Luxembourg example. Screenshot by PTV AG (2020), Wikipedia https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/09/VISSIM_11_screenshot_-_Luxembourg_Example.png

Richmond Regional Planning District Commission (RRPDC)/ aka PlanRVA. (2019). All about transportation. Retrieved from https://planrva.org/transportation/what-is-transportation-planning.

Sweppe, E. (2001, November/December). Legacy of a landmark: ISTEA after 10 years. Public Roads, 65(3). https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/novemberdecember-2001/legacy-landmark-istea-after-10-years

Thurston Regional Planning Council. (2015). 101 Transportation modeling, explaining the mystery of black box. https://www.trpc.org/DocumentCenter/View/5057/TransportationModel_Infographic?bidId

Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT). (2024). Texas Transportation Plan 2050. Retrieved from https://www.txdot.gov/projects/planning/ttp.html)

Transportation Planning Capacity Building Program. (2022). The transportation planning process: Briefing Book: Key issues for transportation decision-makers, officials, and staff (FHWA-HEP-23-001; DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-23-01). U.S. Department of Transportation,

Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/fhwahep18015.pdf

TRB (2007). Metropolitan travel forecasting. Current practice and future direction. Special report 288. Transportation Research Board. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/sr/sr288.pdf

(23 USC Section 150. (b), 2015, n.p.) (2015). MAP-21. Retrieved from https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:23%20section:150%20edition:prelim)#sourcecredit

USDOT. (Updated 2023, November). Promising practices for meaningful public involvement in transportation decision-making. Report #??? November 2023. US Department of Transportation. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2023-11/Promising%20Practices%20for%20Meaningful%20Public%20Involvement_2023Update_FINAL.pdf

USDOT (2023). The U.S. national blueprint for transportation decarbonization: A joint strategy to transform transportation. DOE/EE-2674, January 2023. US Department of Energy. The U.S. National Blueprint for Transportation Decarbonization (energy.gov)

Chapter 3 Transportation Programming and Evaluation

Arshad, H., Thaheem, M., Bakhtawar, B., & Shrestha, A. (2021). Evaluation of Road Infrastructure Projects: A Life Cycle Sustainability-Based Decision-Making Approach. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3743.

Johnston, R.A. (2004). The Urban Transportation Planning Process in S. Hanson and G Giuliano (Eds.), The geography of urban transportation, Guilford Press.

Dean, M. (2022). A practical guide to multi-criteria analysis. UCL: London, UK.

Džupka, P., & Horvath, M. (2021). Urban smart-mobility projects evaluation: a literature review. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management16(4), 55-76.

Lee, D. B. (2000). Methods for evaluating transportation projects in the USA. Transport Policy, 7(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-070X(00)00011-1

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2012). Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) fact sheet. National goals and performance management measures, Title 1, 23 USC 150(b) [Fact Sheet]. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/map21/factsheets/pm.cfm#:~:text=A%20key%20feature%20of%20MAP,achievement%20of%20the%20national%20goals.

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Office of Policy and Governmental Affairs. (2017). Funding Federal-aid highways: Publication no. FHWA-PL-17_011. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/olsp/fundingfederalaid/FFAH_2017.pdf

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2016, August 22). Funding Basics and Eligibility [Video]. https://youtu.be/r0NBR4r3M7M

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2012, September 5). Overview of NEPA as applied to transportation projects.  [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTanW6keaAc

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2016, August 26). Projects and Statewide Planning. [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNsdyhTlPqE

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2016, October 24). Environmental assessment.  [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1x8rX7U3Hg

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2016, October 24). The social environment.  [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3uEzq6Cccs

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2019, December 6). TPM Essentials: Performance Based Planning and Programming [Video]. https://youtu.be/nIyVE0MADZg

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2019, December 30). What is  TPM and why does it matter? [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyjW1Ua89Ug

Federal Highway Administration USDOTFHWA. (2024, March 18). Virtual Public Involvement Outcomes.  [Video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNsdyhTlPqE

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2020). Building links to improve safety: How safety and transportation planning practitioners work together. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tsp/fhwasa16116/saf_plan.pdf

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2021). Transportation performance management. U.S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tpm/about/tpm.cfm

Federal Highway Administration. (2022). Planning glossary. Retrieved from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/Planning/glossary

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). (2022). The safe system approach.  U. S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://highways.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/FHWA_SafeSystem_Brochure_V9_508_200717.pdf.https://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/RTPO_factsheet_master.pdf

Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Innovative Finance Support. (2024). What is innovative surface transportation finance? US Department of Transportation.  https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ipd/

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration (FHWA FTA). (2018). The transportation planning process: Key issues for transportation decision-makers, officials, and staff. U. S. Department of Transportation. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration (FHWA FTA). (2021). What is a regional transportation planning organization? [Fact sheet]. U. S. Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/RTPO_factsheet_What_is_an_RTPO.pdf

Federal Highway Administration & Federal Transit Administration (FHWA FTA). (2023, January 2023). Federal transportation planning process [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/T2BCt39Ub1k?feature=shared

Federal Transit Administration (FTA). (2021). Safety performance targets guide.  Retrieved from https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-programs/safety/public-transportation-agency-safety-program/safety-performance

Federal Transit Administration (FTA). (2023). Metropolitan, Statewide & Non-Metropolitan Planning.  Retrieved from https://www.transit.dot.gov/regulations-and-guidance/transportation-planning/metropolitan-statewide-non-metropolitan-planning

North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG). (2024).  2025-28 Transportation Improvement Program. Retrieved from https://www.nctcog.org/trans/funds/tip/transportation-improvement-program-docs/2025-2028tip

North Central Texas Council of Governments NCTCOG. (2023). Public Participation Plan.  Retrieved from https://www.nctcog.org/trans/involve/public-participation-plan

Open Government. (2024). What is a capital improvement plan? Retrieved from https://opengov.com/article/capital-improvement-plans-101/

Pima Association of Governments (PAG). (2024). FY 2025-2029 Transportation Improvement Program. Retrieved from  https://pagregion.com/wp-content/docs/pag/2024/04/FY-2025-FY-2029-Draft-TIP-Document.pdf.

Richmond Regional Transportation Agency. (2022). Plan RVA 2017-2027 TIP. Retrieved from https://planrva.org/transportation/tip/.

Sinha, K. C., & Labi, S. (2007). Transportation decision making principles of project evaluation and programming. John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utarl/detail.action?docID=792589

Transportation Planning Capacity Building Program (TPCBP). (2018, webpage updated 2022). The transportation planning process: Briefing Book: Key issues for transportation decision-makers, officials, and staff (FHWA-HEP-23-001; DOT-VNTSC-FHWA-23-01). U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/fhwahep18015.pdf

US Department of Transportation (USDOT). (2017). Funding transportation toolkit. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/ToolkitFinal2017.pdf

US Department of Transportation (USDOT). (2022). Overview of funding and financing at USDOT. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/grants/dot-navigator/overview-funding-and-financing-usdot

US Department of Transportation (USDOT). (2023). 2023 equity action plan. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/priorities/equity/2023-equity-action-plan

US Department of Transportation (USDOT). (2024). What is benefit-cost analysis (BCA)? https://www.transportation.gov/grants/dot-navigator/what-is-a-benefit-cost-analysis

US Department of Transportation (USDOT). (2024). Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) launchpad. Retrieved from https://billaunchpad.com/nofo

US Department of Transportation (USDOT), FHWA Office of Planning. (2024). Online GIS planning and equity tool. Retrieved from  https://usdot.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=af1a590b45444e768402714efb148805

Wikibooks.org. (2017). Fundamentals of transportation/evaluation—Wikibooks, open books for an open world.    https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Transportation/Evaluation

Chapter 4 Equity in Transportation Planning

Aimen, D. and Morris, A. (2012) Practical approaches for involving traditionally underserved populations in transportation decisionmaking. NCHRP Report 170, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/22813.

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224.

Bhuyan I.A., Chavis C., Nickkar A. and Barnes P. (2019). GIS-based equity gap analysis: Case study of Baltimore Bike Share Program. Urban Science, 3(2):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020042

Cantilina, K., Daly, S. R., Reed, M. P., & Hampshire, R. C. (2021). Approaches and barriers to addressing equity in transportation: experiences of transportation practitioners. Transportation Research Record2675(10), 972-985. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981211014533

Bullard, R. D. (2002) Confronting environmental racism in the twenty-first century. Global Dialogue, Nicosia, 4 (1), Winter, 34-48.

Bullard, R. D., Johnson, G. S., and Torres, A. O. (2004). Highway robbery: transportation racism & new routes to equity. South End Press.

El-Geneidy, A., Levinson, D., Diab, E., Boisjoly, G., Verbich, D., & Loong, C. (2016). The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice91, 302–316.

FHWA (2015) Federal Highway Administration environmental justice reference guide. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/50875

FHWA & FTA (2018) The transportation planning process briefing book. FHWA-HEP-18-015. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/fhwahep18015.pdf

Golub, A., & Martens, K. (2014). Using principles of justice to assess the modal equity of regional transportation plans. Journal of Transport Geography41, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.07.014

Guo, Y., Zhiwei, C., Stuart A., Li, X. and Zhang, Y. (2020). A systematic overview of transportation equity in terms of accessibility, traffic emissions, and safety outcomes: From conventional to emerging technologies. Perspectives, 4 (March). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100091

Innes, J.E. & Booher, D.E. (2004). Reframing public participation: Strategies for the 21st century. Planning Theory & Practice, 5(4)419-436. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/content/qt4gr9b2v5/qt4gr9b2v5.pdf

Karner, A., Levine, K., Alcorn, L., Situ, M., Rowangould, D., Kim, K., and Kocatepe, A. (2022). Accessibility measures in practice: a guide for transportation agencies. Transportation Research Board. Report 1000. https://doi.org/10.17226/26793

Karner, A., Levine, K, Dunbar, J., and Pendyala, R (2023). Practical measures for advancing public transit equity and access. FTA Report No. 0249. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration. https://www.transit.dot.gov/research-innovation/practical-measures-advancing-public-transit-equity-and-access-report-0249

Karner, A., London, J., Rowangould, D., and Manaugh, K. (2020). From transportation equity to transportation justice: Within, through and beyond the state. Journal of Planning Literature35(4), 440–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412220927691

Karner, A. and Marcantonio, R.A. (2018). Achieving transportation equity: Meaningful public involvement to meet the needs of underserved communities. Public Works Management & Policy, 23(2) 105–126.  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1087724X17738792?journalCode=pwma

Kragh, B.C., Nelson, C., and Groudine C. (2016). Environmental justice: The new normal for transportation. Public roads, March/April, Vol. 79, No. 5, FHWA-HRT-16-003. https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/marchapril-2016/environmental-justice-new-normal-transportation

Litman, T. (2024). Evaluating transportation equity. Guidance for incorporating distributional impacts in transportation planning. 29 May 2024. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. https://www.vtpi.org/equity.pdf

Martens, K., Golub, A. and Robinson, G. (2012). A justice-theoretic approach to the distribution of transportation benefits: Implications for transportation planning practice in the United States. Transportation research part A: policy and practice, 46 (4), May 2012, 684-695. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0965856412000055

Santana Palacios, M. and El-Geneidy, A. (2022). Cumulative versus Gravity-Based Accessibility measures: Which one to use?” Findings, February. https://doi.org/10.32866/001c.32444https://findingspress.org/article/32444-cumulative-versus-gravity-based-accessibility-measures-which-one-to-use

Sánchez, T. W., Stolz, R., and Ma, J. S. (2003). Moving to equity: Addressing inequitable effects of transportation policies on minorities. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University. https://civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/metro-and-regional-inequalities/transportation/moving-to-equity-addressing-inequitable-effects-of-transportation-policies-on-minorities/sanchez-moving-to-equity-transportation-policies.pdf

TRB – Transportation Research Board (2024). Elevating equity in transportation decision making recommendations for federal competitive grant programs. TRB Special Report 348. National Academy of Sciences. https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27439/elevating-equity-in-transportation-decision-making-recommendations-for-federal-competitive-grant-programs

Triplett, K. L. (2015). Citizen voice and public involvement in transportation decision-making: A model for citizen engagement. Race, Gender & Class22(3–4), 83–106. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26505351

Turner, D.E. (2022). Equity in Transportation. Public roads, 86 (1), Spring. FHWA-HRT 22-003. https://highways.dot.gov/public-roads/spring-2022/hottopic

USDOT (2021). Transportation equity at USDOT, information session. US Department of Transportation, June 25, 2021 https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2021-06/Public-Information-Session-Presentation-%28final%291.pdf

USDOT (2023). Equity action plan 2023 update. September 2023. https://assets.performance.gov/cx/equity-action-plans/2023/EO_14091_DOT_EAP_2023.pdf

USDOT (2024). USDOT promising practices for meaningful public involvement in transportation decision-making. Training, March 6, 2024. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2024-03/Public%20Involvement%20Guide%20Training%20Presentation_March6_for%20posting.pdf

Weiner, E. (2008). Urban transportation planning in the United States: History, policy, and practice. 3rd Edition. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-0-387-77152-6

Part II Transportation Modes, Accessibility, and Technologies

Chapter 5 Transportation and Mobility Modes

Brunner, H., Hirz, M., Hirschberg, W., & Fallast, K. (2018). Evaluation of various means of transport for urban areas. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 8(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-018-0149-0

Cao, X., Handy, S. L., & Mokhtarian, P. L. (2006). The influences of the built environment and residential self-selection on pedestrian behavior: Evidence from Austin, TX. Transportation, 33, 1–20.

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Chapter 6 Transportation, Accessibility, and the Built Environment

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