Chapter 1:  Introduction

FHWA. (n.d.). The transportation planning process briefing book: Key issues for transportation decisionmakers, officials, and staff.  https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/publications/briefing_book/index.cfm

Florida Department of Transportation: District 5. (2011). State Road 50 multi-modal corridor study: Executive summary. Kittelson and Associates, Inc. https://www.cflroads.com/project-files/359/2020-12-31%20SR%2050%20Final%20Report.pdf

Handy, S. (1996). Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 1(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(96)00010-7

Levinson, D. (2021, February 28). Fundamentals of transportation. Engineering LibreTexts. https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Civil_Engineering/Fundamentals_of_Transportation

Litman, T. (2021a). Introduction to multi-modal transportation planning: Principles and practices. https://www.vtpi.org/multimodal_planning.pdf

Litman, T. (2021b). Towards more comprehensive and multi-modal transport evaluation. 27.

Lockwood, I. (2017). Making the case for transportation language reform: Removing bias. ITE Journal. https://tooledesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/ite_language_reform-by-ian-lockwood-pdf.pdf

Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The geography of transport systems. https://transportgeography.org/

Schneider, R. J. (2013). Theory of routine mode choice decisions: An operational framework to increase sustainable transportation. Transport Policy, 25, 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.10.007

Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative. (2019). Vicious cycle of automobile dependency. Own work. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vicious_Cycle_of_Automobile_Dependency.png

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2016, October 1). Ports primer: 5.1 goods movement and transportation planning [Overviews and Factsheets]. https://www.epa.gov/community-port-collaboration/ports-primer-51-goods-movement-and-transportation-planning

Weilant, S., Strong, A., & Miller, B. (2019). Incorporating resilience into transportation planning and assessment. https://doi.org/10.7249/RR3038

Williams, K., Claridge, T., & Carroll, A. (2015). Multimodal transportation planning curriculum for urban planning programs (NITC-ED-851). NITC. https://nitc.trec.pdx.edu/research/project/851

Williams, K., & Seggerman, K. (2014). Multimodal transportation best practices and model element. https://www.nctr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/77954.pdf

Williams, K., Seggerman, K., Pontoriero, D., & McCarville, M. (2010). Mobility review guide. https://www.cutr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Mobility-Review-Guide-CUTR-Webcast-04.21.11.pdf

Chapter 2:  Contemporary Issues in Transportation

A Better City. (n.d.). A guide to placemaking for mobility. Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.abettercity.org/docs-new/Guide_to_Placemaking_for_Mobility.pdf

APTA. (n.d.-a). Mobility as a Service. American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/mobility-innovation-hub/mobility-as-a-service/

APTA. (n.d.-b). Sustainability. American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/sustainability/

Armour, P., Carman, K. G., Mullen, K. J., & Nataraj, S. (2020). Telecommuting and work in the COVID-19 pandemic: Are workers returning to the workplace or staying in their home offices? RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA308-11.html

Boele-Vos, M. (2022). European road safety observatory: Road safety thematic report – cyclists. https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-06/road_safety_thematic_report_cyclists.pdf

Bridging the Gap. (2012). Income disparities in street features that encourage walking. http://www.bridgingthegapresearch.org/_asset/02fpi3/btg_street_walkability_FINAL_03-09-12.pdf

Congressional Budget Office. (2021). A statement to the congress on the long-term solvency of the highway trust fund. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57067

Creger, H., Espino, J., & Sanchez, A. S. (2018). Mobility equity framework: How to make transportation work for people. 26.

Cruz, C. O., & Sarmento, J. M. (2020). “Mobility as a service” platforms: A critical path towards increasing the sustainability of transportation systems. Sustainability, 12(16), 6368. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166368

Dannenberg, A. L., & Sener, I. N. (2015). Why public health and transportation. 7.

Dijkstra. A. (2021). European road safety observatory: Road safety thematic report – pedestrians. https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-07/road_safety_thematic_report_pedestrians_tc_final.pdf

ENO Center for Transportation. (2019). A fast-changing mobility landscape: An analysis of public transit agency survey results. https://www.enotrans.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Mobility-Landscape_2-25.pdf

Ezike, R., Martin, J., Catalano, K., & Cohn, J. (2019). Where are self-driving cars taking us? Pivotal choices that will shape DC’s transportation future (p. 38). https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24063

FHWA. (2011). Creating livable communities: How the transportation decision making process can support more livable community outcomes (Guidebook FHWA-HEP-12-003). https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/livability/creating_livable_communities/livabilitybooklet.pdf

FHWA. (2013). A resident’s guide for creating safer a communities for walking and biking. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/PED_BIKE/ped_cmnity/ped_walkguide/sec1.cfm#sec1-1

FHWA. (2018). Guide for scalable risk assessment methods for pedestrians and bicyclists (FHWA-SA-18-032). U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/tools_solve/fhwasa18032/fhwasa18032.pdf

FHWA. (2021). Safe transportation for every pedestrian (STEP). https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/step/

FHWA, & FTA. (n.d.). Livability in transportation guidebook: Planning approaches that promote livability (FHWA-HEP-10-028). Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/livability/case_studies/guidebook/livabilitygb10.pdf

Fleisher, A., Cohen, S., Amin, R., Deutsch-Gross, Z., & Kiner, L. (2020). The Future of transportation: Harnessing private mobility services to support the public good (A. Arieff, Ed.). SPUR (San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association). http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26075

Hajrasoulih, A., del Rio, V., Francis, J., & Edmondson, J. (2018). Urban form and mental wellbeing: Scoping a theoretical framework for action. Centre for Urban Design and Mental Health. https://www.urbandesignmentalhealth.com/journal-5—urban-form-and-mental-wellbeing.html

IMB. (2016). What is the internet of things, and how does it work? IBM Business Operations Blog. https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/

Injury Surveillance Workgroup 8. (2017). Consensus recommendations for pedestrian injury surveillance. Safe States Alliance. https://pedevalguide.safestates.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Consensus-Recommendations-for-Pedestrian-Injury-Surveillance-ISW8.pdf

Irish, A. (2017). Assessing local government capacity for implementing sustainable transportation: The role of political culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(5), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1122037

Jittrapirom, P., Caiati, V., Feneri, A. M., Ebrahimigharehbaghi, S., Alonso Gonzalez, M., & Narayan, J. (2017). Mobility as a service: A critical review of definitions, assessments of schemes, and key challenges. Urban Planning, 2. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i2.931

Kile, J. (2021). A statement to the congress on the long-term solvency of the highway trust fund. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57067

Kim, S. D. (2012). Characterizing unknown unknowns. https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/characterizing-unknown-unknowns-6077

Kirk, R., & Mallett, W. (2020). Funding and financing highways and public transportation (No. R45350; p. 29). Congressional Research Service. https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/R45350.pdf

Kumar, N. M., & Dash, A. (2017). Internet of Things: An Opportunity for Transportation and Logistics. Internet of Things, 10.

Litman, T. (2021). Evaluating transportation equity. https://www.vtpi.org/equity.pdf

Luo, X.-G., Zhang, H.-B., Zhang, Z.-L., Yu, Y., & Li, K. (2019). A new framework of intelligent public transportation system based on the internet of things. IEEE Access, 7, 55290–55304. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2913288

MaaS Alliance. (n.d.). What is MaaS? Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://maas-alliance.eu/homepage/what-is-maas/

Martinson, R. (2018). Equity and mobility. ITE Canada, 40(2). https://issuu.com/cite7/docs/tt40.2-summer2018/24

McCoy, K., Andrew, J., Glynn, R., & Lyons, W. (2018). Integrating shared mobility into multimodal transportation planning: Improving regional performance to meet public goals (FHWA-HEP-18-033; p. 56). FHWA. https://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/SharedMobility_Whitepaper_02-2018.pdf

McCoy, K., Glynn, R., Lyons, W., & Andrew, J. (2019). Integrating shared mobility into multimodal transportation planning: Metropolitan area case studies (FHWA-HEP-18-033; p. 42). FHWA. https://www.planning.dot.gov/documents/regional_shared_mobility_planning_caseStudies.pdf

Mobilize Green. (n.d.). Environmental equity vs. environmental justice: What’s the difference? MobilizeGreen. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.mobilizegreen.org/blog/2018/9/30/environmental-equity-vs-environmental-justice-whats-the-difference

Mokhtarian, P. L. (1991). Defining telecommuting. Transportation Research Record, 1305. https://trid.trb.org/view/365644

Morency, P., Gauvin, L., Plante, C., Fournier, M., & Morency, C. (2012). Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design. American Journal of Public Health, 102(6), 1112–1119. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300528

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). Advancing automated and connected vehicles: Policy and planning strategies for state and local transportation agencies (J. Zmud, G. Goodin, M. Moran, N. Kalra, & E. Thorn, Eds.). The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/24872

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019a). Critical issues in transportation 2019. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25314

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019b). Renewing the national commitment to the interstate highway system: A foundation for the future (Special Report 329; p. 614). The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25334

NHTSA. (n.d.). Automated vehicles for safety. Retrieved September 15, 2021, from https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-innovation/automated-vehicles-safety

NHTSA. (2020). 2018 traffic safety facts: Bicyclists and other cyclists. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/812884

NHTSA. (2021). 2019 traffic safety facts: Pedestrians. https://crashstats.nhtsa.dot.gov/Api/Public/ViewPublication/813079

Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2020). Urban and transport planning pathways to carbon neutral, liveable and healthy cities; A review of the current evidence. Environment International, 140, 105661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105661

Parker, K., Menasce Horowitz, J., & Minkin, R. (2020). How coronavirus has changed the way Americans work. Pew Research Center’s Social & Demographic Trends Project. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/12/09/how-the-coronavirus-outbreak-has-and-hasnt-changed-the-way-americans-work/

Pereira, R. H. M., & Karner, A. (2021). Transportation equity. In R. Vickerman (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Transportation (pp. 271–277). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102671-7.10053-3

PolicyLink. (2016). Transportation for all: Good for families, communities, and the economy. https://www.policylink.org/resources-tools/casey-equal-voice-series-transportation

Project for Public Spaces. (n.d.). Placemaking: What if we built our cities around places? Retrieved September 13, 2021, from https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/5810e16fbe876cec6bcbd86e/5b71f88ec6f4726edfe3857d_2018%20placemaking%20booklet.pdf

Rall, J., & Shinkle, D. (n.d.). Transportation choices for vulnerable populations [PowerPoint Presentation]. National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved September 3, 2021, from https://www.ncsl.org/documents/standcomm/scnri/ncsl_vulnerable.pdf

Rodrigue, J.-P. (2020). The geography of transport systems. https://transportgeography.org/

Safe Routes Partnership. (n.d.). Equity in safe routes to school. Retrieved September 3, 2021, from https://www.saferoutespartnership.org/safe-routes-school/101/equity

Sawhill, I. V., & Guyot, K. (2020). Telecommuting will likely continue long after the pandemic. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/04/06/telecommuting-will-likely-continue-long-after-the-pandemic/

Shaheen, S., & Cohen, A. (2021). Shared micromobility policy and practices in the united states: A modern guide to the urban sharing economy. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zp0z4cn

Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., Broader, J., Davis, R., Brown, L., Neelakantan, R., & Gopalakrishna, D. (2020). Mobility on demand planning and implementation: Current practices, innovations, and emerging mobility futures (FHWA-JPO-20-792). ICF, UC Berkeley. https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/50553

Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., & Zohdy, I. (2016). Shared mobility current practices and guiding principles (FHWA-HOP-16-022; p. 120).

Smart Growth America. (2021). Dangerous by design 2021. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Dangerous-By-Design-2021-update.pdf

Sorenson, P. (2013). From fuel taxes to mileage fees. ACCESS, 43, 41.

Steuteville, R. (2014). Four types of placemaking. CNU. https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/four-types-placemaking

The Pew Charitable Trusts. (2014). Intergovernmental challenges in surface transportation funding. 28.

Toth, G. (2019). Placemaking: Project for public spaces, congress for the new urbanism. ITE Journal, 89(10). https://www.nxtbook.com/ygsreprints/ITE/G110110_ITE_October2019/index.php#/p/16

U.K. Department for Transport. (2022a). Reported road casualties Great Britain: Pedestrian factsheet 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-pedestrian-factsheet-2021/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-pedestrian-factsheet-2021#:~:text=Between%202004%20and%202021%3A,distance%20walked)%20grew%20by%2010%25

U.K. Department for Transport. (2022b). Reported road casualties Great Britain: Pedal cycle factsheet 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-pedestrian-factsheet-2021/reported-road-casualties-great-britain-pedestrian-factsheet-2021#:~:text=Between%202004%20and%202021%3A,distance%20walked)%20grew%20by%2010%25

U.S. Department of Transportation. (1999). Literature review on vehicle travel speeds and pedestrian injuries (DOT HS 809 021). https://one.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/research/pub/hs809012.html

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2021). Use of energy for transportation. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/use-of-energy/transportation.php

U.S. EPA. (n.d.). Sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved September 12, 2021, from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions

Valentijn, M. (2020). Equality-equity-justice-lores [Photo]. https://www.flickr.com/photos/mirthe/50368165558/

Williams, K., Boyd, T., Linkous, E., Beem, C., Tremblay, N., Keita, Y., & Polzin, S. (2019). Assessment of planning risks and alternative futures for the Florida transportation plan update (FDOT BDV25-977-57; p. 169). FDOT. https://fdotwww.blob.core.windows.net/sitefinity/docs/default-source/research/reports/fdot-bdv25-977-57-rpt.pdf

Williams, K., Kramer, J., Keita, Y., Enomah, L. D., & Boyd, T. (2019). Integrating equity into MPO project prioritization (CTEDD No. 018-03; p. 181). CTEDD. https://ctedd.uta.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/kris_final.pdf

Zhong, S., Li, X., Jiang, Y., Cheng, R., & Wang, Z. (2020). Identifying the combined effect of shared autonomous vehicles and congestion pricing on regional job accessibility. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 13(1), 273–297.

Zietsman, J., & Khreis, H. (2019). It’s complicated: Transportation’s relationship with public health. Texas Transportation Researcher, 55(2). https://tti.tamu.edu/researcher/its-complicated-transportations-relationship-with-public-health/

Zmud, J., Tooley, M., Baker, T., & Wagner, J. (2015). Paths of automated and connected vehicle deployment: Strategic roadmap for state and local transportation agencies (TTI/SRP/15/161504-1; Preparing Texas’ Road Map for Automated and Connected Vehicle Deployment, p. 101). Texas A&M Transportation Institute. https://static.tti.tamu.edu/tti.tamu.edu/documents/161504-1.pdf

CHAPTER 3: ROLE OF TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT

An, Z., Heinen, E., & Watling, D. (2021). When you are born matters: An age-period-cohort analysis of multimodality. Travel Behaviour and Society, 22, 129–145.

Arian, A., & Chiu, Y.-C. (2017). Evaluating carpooling opportunities among multimodal options using a supernetwork approach (No. 17–06811). Article 17–06811. Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting. https://trid.trb.org/view/1439729

Bianco, M. J. (2000). Effective transportation demand management: Combining parking pricing, transit incentives, and transportation management in a commercial district of Portland, Oregon. Transportation Research Record, 1711(1), 46–54.

Bigazzi, A. Y., & Figliozzi, M. A. (2012). Congestion and emissions mitigation: A comparison of capacity, demand, and vehicle based strategies. Transportation Research Part D: Transport Environment, 17(7), 538–547.

Burns, E. (1992). Arizona’s metropolitan travel reduction programs [Working Paper, No. 81]. University of California Transportation Center. https://escholarship.org/content/qt6vh6j3pz/qt6vh6j3pz_noSplash_59c5aeb319b94492bae9a9a6bb975916.pdf?t=mc2sx7

Castellanos, S. (2016). Delivering modal-shift incentives by using gamification and smartphones: A field study example in Bogota, Colombia. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 4(4), 269–278.

Chatman, D. G., & Manville, M. (2014). Theory versus implementation in congestion-priced parking: An evaluation of SFpark, 2011–2012. Research in Transportation Economics, 44, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2014.04.005

Davison, L. J., & Knowles, R. D. (2006). Bus quality partnerships, modal shift and traffic decongestion. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(3), 177–194.

Di Dio, S., Casto, B. L., Micari, F., Rizzo, G., & Vinci, I. (2015). Mobility, data, and behavior: The trafficO2 case study. In A. Vesco & F. Ferrero (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Social, Economic, and Environmental Sustainability in the Development of Smart Cities (pp. 382–406). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8282-5.ch018

Dill, J. (1998). Mandatory employer-based trip reduction: What happened? Transportation Research Record, 1618(1), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.3141/1618-12

Ghimire, R., & Lancelin, C. (2019). The relationship between financial incentives provided by employers and commuters’ decision to use transit: Results from the Atlanta Regional Household Travel Survey. Transport Policy, 74, 103–113.

Giuliano, G., Hwang, K., & Wachs, M. (1993). Employee trip reduction in Southern California: First year results. Transportation Research Part A: Policy & Practice, 27(2), 125–137.

Gössling, S., & Cohen, S. (2014). Why sustainable transport policies will fail: EU climate policy in the light of transport taboos. Journal of Transport Geography, 39(C), 197–2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.07.010

Hasnine, M. S., Weiss, A., & Nurul Habib, K. (2017). Stated preference survey pivoted on revealed preference survey for evaluating employer-based travel demand management strategies. Transportation Research Record, 2651(1), 108–117.

Heinen, E., & Mattioli, G. (2019). Does a high level of multimodality mean less car use? An exploration of multimodality trends in England. Transportation, 46(4), 1093–1126.

Jariyasunant, J., Abou-Zeid, M., Carrel, A., Ekambaram, V., Gaker, D., Sengupta, R., & Walker, J. L. (2015). Quantified traveler: Travel feedback meets the cloud to change behavior. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 19(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2013.856714

Keizer, M., Sargisson, R. J., van Zomeren, M., & Steg, L. (2019). When personal norms predict the acceptability of push and pull car-reduction policies: Testing the ABC model and low-cost hypothesis. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology & Behaviour, 64, 413–423.

Klinger, T. (2017). Moving from monomodality to multimodality? Changes in mode choice of new residents. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 104, 221–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.01.008

Ko, J., & Kim, D. (2017). Employer-based travel demand management program: Employer’s choice and effectiveness. Transport Policy, 59, 1–9.

Kuehn, B. (2019). The introduction of micromobility and the future of Portland transportation. https://bucky.page/micromobility-future-portland-transportation/

Lagerberg, B. (1997). Washington State’s commute trip reduction program: Phase 1: Assessment and implications for program design. Transportation Research Record, 1598(1), 36–42.

Li, T., Chen, P., & Tian, Y. (2021). Personalized incentive-based peak avoidance and drivers’ travel time-savings. Transport Policy, 100, 68–80.

Litman, T. (2005). London congestion pricing – Implications for other cities. CESifo DICE Report, 3, 17–21.

Loo, B. P. Y., Chen, C., & Chan, E. T. H. (2010). Rail-based transit-oriented development: Lessons from New York City and Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97(3), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.06.002

Lopez-Aqueres, W. (1993). Conceptual framework to study the effectiveness of employer trip-reduction programs. Transportation Research Record, 1404, 55.

Ma, L., Mulley, C., & Liu, W. (2015). Social marketing and the built environment: What matters for travel behaviour change? https://doi.org/10.1007/S11116-016-9698-2

Meloni, I., Sanjust, B., & Spissu, E. (2012). Soft transport policy measures: Implementing personalised travel planning. European Transport Conference 2012, Location: Glasgow, Scotland. https://aetransport.org/past-etc-papers/conference-papers-2012

Oren, C. N. (1998a). Detail and implementation: The example of employee trip reduction. Virginia Environmental Law Journal, 17(2), 123–186.

Oren, C. N. (1998b). Getting commuters out of their cars: What went wrong? Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 17(141), 106.

Oren, C. N. (1998c). How a mandate came from hell: The making of the federal employee trip reduction program. Environmental Law, 28(2), 267–373.

Sammer, G., & Saleh, W. (2009). Travel demand management and road user pricing: Success, failure and feasibility (1st ed.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Travel-Demand-Management-and-Road-User-Pricing-Success-Failure-and-Feasibility/Sammer-Saleh/p/book/9780754673033

Shaheen, S., Cohen, A., & Bayen, A. (2018). The benefits of carpooling. UC Berkeley Working Paper.

Shin, E. J. (2020). Commuter benefits programs: Impacts on mode choice, VMT, and spillover effects. Transport Policy, 94, 11–22.

Stewart, J. (1994). Reducing drive-alone rates at small employer sites: Costs and benefits of local trip reduction ordinances-Pasadena towers case study. Transportation Research Record, 159–159.

Taylor, B. D. (2004). The politics of congestion mitigation. Transport Policy, 11(3), 299–302.

Taylor, M. A. (2007). Voluntary travel behavior change programs in Australia: The carrot rather than the stick in travel demand management. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 1(3), 173–192.

Teodorović, D., & Dell’Orco, M. (2008). Mitigating traffic congestion: Solving the ride-matching problem by bee colony optimization. Transportation Planning & Technology, 31(2), 135–152.

Teulada, B. S. di, & Meloni, I. (2016). Individual persuasive eco‐travel technology, a mobile persuasive application for implementing voluntary travel behaviour change programmes. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 10(4). https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/iet-its.2015.0198

Tulusan, J., Staake, T., & Fleisch, E. (2012). Providing eco-driving feedback to corporate car drivers: What impact does a smartphone application have on their fuel efficiency? Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 212–215. https://doi.org/10.1145/2370216.2370250

Wang, C., Quddus, M. A., & Ison, S. G. (2009). Impact of traffic congestion on road accidents: A spatial analysis of the M25 motorway in England. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(4), 798–808.

Winters, P. L., Perez, R. A., Joshi, A. D., & Perone, J. (2005). Work site trip reduction model and manual. Transportation Research Record, 1924(1), 197–206.

Zaman, H., & Habib, K. M. N. (2011). Commuting mode choice in the context of travel demand management (TDM) policies: An empirical investigation in Edmonton, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 38(4), 433–443.

Chapter 4: Travel and the Built Environment

Cao, X. (2014). Residential self-selection in the relationships between the built environment and travel behavior: Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Transport & Land Use, 7(3), 1-3.

Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Handy, S. L. (2007). Cross-sectional and quasi-panel explorations of the connection between the built environment and auto ownership. Environment and Planning A, 39(4), 830-847.

Cervero, R. (2002). Built environments and mode choice: toward a normative framework. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 7(4), 265-284.

De Vos, J., Mokhtarian, P. L., Schwanen, T., Van Acker, V., & Witlox, F. (2016). Travel mode choice and travel satisfaction: bridging the gap between decision utility and experienced utility. Transportation, 43(5), 771-796.

Ettema, D., & Nieuwenhuis, R. (2017). Residential self-selection and travel behaviour: What are the effects of attitudes, reasons for location choice and the built environment? Journal of Transport Geography, 59, 146-155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.01.009

Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2001). Travel and the built environment: A synthesis. Transportation research record, 1780(1), 87-114. doi:10.3141/1780-10

Ewing, R., & Cervero, R. (2010). Ewing, R. and Cervero, R. (2010) Travel and the built environment: A meta analysis. Journal of the American Planning Association. 76(3), 265-294. doi:10.1080/01944361003766766

Ewing, R., Pendall, R., & Chen, D. (2003). Measuring Sprawl and Its Transportation Impacts. Transportation Research Record, 1831(1), 175-183. doi:10.3141/1831-20

Guan, X., & Wang, D. (2019). Residential self-selection in the built environment-travel behavior connection: Whose self-selection? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 67, 16-32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.10.015

Handy, S. (2018). Enough with the “D’s” already—Let’s get back to “A.” Transfers. https://transfersmagazine.org/enough-with-the-ds-already-lets-get-back-to-a/

Handy, S., Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P. (2005). Correlation or causality between the built environment and travel behavior? Evidence from Northern California,Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 10(6), 427-444.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2005.05.002.

Ko, J., Lee, S., & Byun, M. (2019). Exploring factors associated with commute mode choice: An application of city-level general social survey data. Transport Policy, 75, 36-46.

Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel Behavior as Function of Accessibility, Land Use Mixing, and Land Use Balance: Evidence from San Francisco Bay Area. Transportation Research Record, 1607(1), 116-125. doi:10.3141/1607-16

Li, T., Chen, P., & Tian, Y. (2021). Personalized incentive-based peak avoidance and drivers’ travel time-savings. Transport Policy, 100, 68-80.

Limtanakool, N., Dijst, M., & Schwanen, T. (2006). The influence of socioeconomic characteristics, land use and travel time considerations on mode choice for medium- and longer-distance trips. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(5), 327-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2005.06.004

Litman, T. (2022a). Evaluating accessibility for transport planning: Victoria Transport Policy Institute. https://www.vtpi.org/access.pdf

Litman, T. (2022b) Land use impacts on transport: How land use factors affect travel behavior. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. https://www.vtpi.org/landtravel.pdf

Manaugh, K. and El-Geniedy, M. (2012). What makes travel ‘local’: Defining and understanding local travel behavior. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 5(3), 15. doi:10.5198/jtlu.v5i3.300]

Mokhtarian, P. L., & Chen, C. (2004). TTB or not TTB, that is the question: a review and analysis of the empirical literature on travel time (and money) budgets. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 38(9), 643-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2003.12.004

Mokhtarian P. L, and Salomon, I. (2001) How derived is the demand for travel? Some conceptual and measurement considerations, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(8),  695-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(00)00013-6.

Nelson, A.  (2017) Compact Development Reduces VMT: Evidence and Application for Planners—Comment on “Does Compact Development Make People Drive Less?”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 83(1), 36-41, DOI: 10.1080/01944363.2016.1246378

Stopher, P. R., Ahmed, A., & Liu, W. (2017). Travel time budgets: new evidence from multi-year, multi-day data. Transportation, 44(5), 1069-1082.

Urban Land Institute. (2010). Land Use and Driving The Role Compact Development Can Plan in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Urban Land Institute. Washinton D.C.  https://uli.org/wp-content/uploads/ULI-Documents/Land-Use-and-Driving-Low-Res.pdf

Wardman, M., & Toner, J. (2020). Is generalised cost justified in travel demand analysis? Transportation, 47(1), 75-108. doi:10.1007/s11116-017-9850-7

Williams, K., & Seggerman, K. (2014). Multimodal transportation best practices and model element. https://www.nctr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/77954.pdf

Yang, H., & Bell, M. G. (1998). Models and algorithms for road network design: a review and some new developments. Transport Reviews, 18(3), 257-278. doi:10.1080/01441649808717016

Zgonc, B., Tekavčič, M., & Jakšič, M. (2019). The impact of distance on mode choice in freight transport. European Transport Research Review, 11(1), 10. doi:10.1186/s12544-019-0346-8

Zhang, L., Hong, J., Nasri, A., & Shen, Q. (2012). How built environment affects travel behavior: A comparative analysis of the connections between land use and vehicle miles traveled in US cities. Journal of Transport & Land Use, 5(3), 40-52.

Zhang, W. & Zhang, M. (2017). Incorporating land use and pricing policies for reducing car dependence: Analytical framework and empirical evidence. Urban Studies. 55(13). https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098017720150

Chapter 5 Planning Roadway Networks

Broward County Complete Streets Guidelines (October 2013). Broward Metropolitan Planning Organization.

City of Charlotte, North Carolina. (2019). Zoning ordinance: Chapter 15, transit oriented development districts.

City of Fort Worth. (2020). City of Fort Worth Texas: Master thoroughfare plan (2020 update). https://www.fortworthtexas.gov/files/assets/public/tpw/documents/adopted-mtp-nov-10-2020-reduced.pdf

City of Seattle. (2016). Seattle right-of-way improvements manual. https://streetsillustrated.seattle.gov/street-type-standards/row-allocation/

City of Seattle. (2021). Update on the modal integration policy framework. https://www.seattle.gov/Documents/Departments/SDOT/BikeProgram/SBAB/Modal%20Integration%20Policy%20Framework.pdf

Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company. (n.d.). Rural-urban transect. https://transect.org/rural_img.html

Institute of Transportation Engineers/Congress for the New Urbanism. (2010). Designing walkable urban thoroughfares: A context sensitive approach (An ITE Recommended Practice). Washington, D.C.: ITE, 2010. https://www.ite.org/pub/?id=e1cff43c%2D2354%2Dd714%2D51d9%2Dd82b39d4dbad

Institute of Transportation Engineers. (2011). Planning roadway systems: An ITE recommended practice. Washington, D.C.

Kimley Horn and Associates, Inc. (2013) Broward County complete streets guidelines: Providing guidance for developing safer and healthier streets accommodating all users. http://archive.browardmpo.org/projects-studies/complete-streets/guidelines

Litman, T. (2021) Parking Management: Strategies, evaluation and planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC). (2019). Perfect fit parking. Boston, MA https://perfectfitparking.mapc.org/

Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC). (2011). Sustainable transportation: Parking toolkit, Boston, MA. https://www.mapc.org/resource-library/sustainable-transportation-parking-toolkit/

Montgomery County, Maryland. (April 2019). Veirs Mill Road corridor master plan. https://montgomeryplanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Veirs-Mill-Corridor-Master-Plan-Approved-and-Adopted-WEB.pdf

NACTO. (2017). Curb appeal: Curbside management strategies for improving transit reliability. https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/NACTO-Curb-Appeal-Curbside-Management.pdf

Orange County, Florida. (2017). I-Drive District overlay zone. Division 4.5/Ordinance No. 2017-03 Sec. 38-861. http://www.ocfl.net/portals/0/Library/Board%20Of%20County%20Commissioners/docs/I-DriveDistrictZone3162020FINAL-CERT.pdf

Oregon Transportation and Growth Management Program. (1999). Main Street…when a highway runs through it: A handbook for Oregon communities, Salem, Oregon. https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/mainstreethandbook.pdf

Porter, J., Lee, J., Davis, M., Bryan, S., Corso, P., & Rathbun, S. (2019). Complete streets state laws & provisions: An analysis of legislative content and the state policy landscape, 1972–2018. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 12(1), 619-635. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26911281

Shoup, D. (2003). Truth in transportation planning. Journal of Transportation and Statistics. Vol 6, No 1.  http://www.bts.gov/publications/journal_of_transportation_and_statistics/

Smart Growth America. (2018). The elements of a complete streets policy. National Complete Streets Coalition. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/elements-complete-streets-policy/

USDOT. Active transportation and demand management: Active parking management. Accessed online 9/23/2021 https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/atdm/approaches/apm.htm

Williams, K. (2020). NCHRP synthesis 549: Incorporating roadway access management into local ordinances, Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.

Williams K. and J. Barber. (2017). Model access management policies and regulations for Florida cities and counties, 2nd Edition. Center for Urban Transportation Research. https://www.cutr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Model-Regulations-Final-Report.pdf

Williams, K., V.G. Stover, K. Dixon, P. Demosthenes, F. Broen, L. Brown, D. Huntington, R. Layton, and K. Seggerman. (2014). Access management manual, 2nd Edition. Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.

Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Green transport hierarchy pictogram. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Green-transport-hierarchy-pictogram.svg

Chapter 6:  Walking and Cycling

AARP, (2022). Walk Audit Tool Kit. https://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/getting-around/aarp-walk-audit-tool-kit-download/

Andrews, E. (n.d.). The bicycle’s bumpy history. https://www.history.com/news/bicycle-history-invention

Besser, L. M., & Dannenberg, A. L. (2005). Walking to public transit: Steps to help meet physical activity recommendations. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 29(4), 273–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.06.010

Brennan Ramirez, L. K., Hoehner, C. M., Brownson, R. C., Cook, R., Orleans, C. T., Hollander, M., Barker, D. C., Bors, P., Ewing, R., Killingsworth, R., Petersmarck, K., Schmid, T., & Wilkinson, W. (2006). Indicators of activity-friendly communities: An evidence-based consensus process. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(6), 515–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.026

Bunn, F., Collier, T., Ker, K., Roberts, I., & Wentz, R. (2003). Traffic calming for the prevention of road traffic injuries: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury Prevention, 9(3), 200–204. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.9.3.200

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Cervero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2(3), 199–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00009-6

ChangeLab Solutions. (n.d.). The planning perspective on health: Community health as a goal of good design. https://changelabsolutions.org/sites/default/files/documents/Factsheet_PlanningPerspective.pdf

Cheng, I. (Ed.). (2010). Active design guidelines: Promoting physical activity and health design. https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/plans-studies/active-design-guidelines/adguidelines.pdf

City of El Paso. (2012). Plan El Paso: City of El Paso, Texas comprehensive plan. https://www.elpasotexas.gov/assets/Documents/CoEP/Planning-and-Inspections/Plan-El-Paso/Plan-El-Paso_vol1_adopted_for-web.pdf

Ewing, R., & Kreutzer, R. (2006). Understanding the relationship between public health and the built environment. https://www.usgbc.org/sites/default/files/public-health-built-environment.pdf

FHWA. (n.d.-a). FHWA course on bicycle and pedestrian transportation. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/univcourse/instrtoc.cfm

FHWA. (n.d.-b). Medians and pedestrian refuge islands in urban and suburban areas. https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/provencountermeasures/ped_medians.cfm

FHWA. (1999). Guidebook on methods to estimate non-motorized travel (FHWA-RD-98-166). https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ped_bike/docs/guidebook2.pdf

FHWA. (2006). Evaluation of safety, design, and operation of shared-use paths—Final report (FHWA-HRT-05-137). https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/pedbike/05137/05137.pdf

FHWA. (2017). Road safety fundamentals unit 1: Foundations of road safety. https://rspcb.safety.fhwa.dot.gov/rsf/Unit1.aspx#ch2

Gardner, K., Johnson, T., Buchan, K., & Pharaoh, T. (1996). Developing a pedestrian strategy for London. Transport Policy and Its Implementation. Proceedings of Seminar B held at The 24th European Transport Forum, Brunel University, England 2-6 September 1996. Volume P402. https://trid.trb.org/view/483358

Maurer Braun, L., Read, A., & Ricklin, A. (2016). The benefits of street-scale features for walking and biking. Journal of Transport & Health, 3(2), S22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2016.05.060

National Association of City Transportation Officials. (2011, December 14). Bike lanes. Urban Bikeway Design Guide. https://nacto.org/publication/urban-bikeway-design-guide/bike-lanes/

Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center. (n.d.). Bike share. https://www.pedbikeinfo.org/topics/bikeshare.cfm

Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center. (2015). Safe routes to school online guide: Along the school route. http://guide.saferoutesinfo.org/engineering/along_the_school_route.cfm

Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. (n.d.). Designing for user type. Rails-to-Trails Conservancy. http://www.railstotrails.org/build-trails/trail-building-toolbox/design/designing-for-user-type/

Roughton, C., van Hengel, D., Duncan, A., Weigand, L., & Birk, M. (2012). Creating walkable + bikeable communities: A user guide to developing pedestrian and bicycle master plans [User Guide]. Initiative for Bicycle and Pedestrian Innovation, Center for Transportation Studies, Portland State University. https://ppms.trec.pdx.edu/media/project_files/IBPI%20Master%20Plan%20Handbook%20FINAL.pdf

Ryan, S., & Lindsey, G. (2013). Counting bicyclists and pedestrians to inform transportation planning. A research brief. https://activelivingresearch.org/sites/activelivingresearch.org/files/ALR_Brief_Bike-PedCounts_Feb2013.pdf

Schultheiss, W., Sanders, R. L., & Toole, J. (2018). A historical perspective on the AASHTO guide for the development of bicycle facilities and the impact of the vehicular cycling movement. Transportation Research Record, 2672(13), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198118798482

Swift, P., Painter, D., & Goldstein, M. (1997). Residential street typology and injury accident frequency (p. 8). https://www.cnu.org/sites/default/files/swift_painter_goldstein_study.pdf

U.S. Department of Transportation. (2015). Complete streets. https://www.transportation.gov/mission/health/complete-streets

Vision Zero Network. (n.d.). National speed fatality map highlights tragic losses. Vision Zero Network. https://visionzeronetwork.org/resources/speed-fatality-map/

VTPI. (n.d.). Bicycle parking. Online TDM Encyclopedia. https://www.vtpi.org/tdm/tdm85.htm

Yang, Y., & Diez-Roux, A. V. (2017). Adults’ daily walking for travel and leisure: Interaction between attitude toward walking and the neighborhood environment. American Journal of Health Promotion, 31(5), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117116669278

Chapter 7: Public Transportation

American Public Transportation Association (APTA). (n.d.). Microtransit. https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/mobility-innovation-hub/microtransit/

American Public Transportation Association (APTA). Fact Book Glossary. APTA Resource Library. [Online] Accessed 2022. www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/glossary.aspx.

Aston, L., Currie, G., Delbosc, A., Kamruzzaman, M., & Teller, D. (2021). Exploring built environment impacts on transit use – an updated meta-analysis. Transport Reviews, 41(1), 73-96. doi:10.1080/01441647.2020.1806941

Burkhardt, J. E. (2003). Critical measures of transit service quality in the eyes of older travelers. Transportation Research Record, 1835(1), 84-92.

Cervero, R. (1990). Transit pricing research. Transportation, 17(2), 117-139. doi:10.1007/BF02125332

Cervero, R. (2001). Walk-and-ride: factors influencing pedestrian access to transit. Journal of Public Transportation, 3(4), 1.

Cervero, R., & Dai, D. (2014). BRT TOD: Leveraging transit oriented development with bus rapid transit investments. Transport Policy, 36, 127-138.

Chen, C., Varley, D., & Chen, J. (2010). What Affects Transit Ridership? A Dynamic Analysis involving Multiple Factors, Lags and Asymmetric Behaviour. Urban Studies, 48(9), 1893-1908. doi:10.1177/0042098010379280

Congressional Budget Office. (March 2022). Federal financial support for public transportation. https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57940

Currie, G., & Delbosc, A. (2013). Exploring comparative ridership drivers of bus rapid transit and light rail transit routes. Journal of Public Transportation, 16(2), 3.

Davis, T., & Lewis, C. A. (2005). An Examination of Successful Mixed Use in Transit Oriented Development as Conceptually Applied to the Proposed Ambassador 6. Performing Organization Code.

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Diab, E., DeWeese, J., Chaloux, N., & El-Geneidy, A. (2021). Adjusting the service? Understanding the factors affecting bus ridership over time at the route level in Montréal, Canada. Transportation, 48(5), 2765-2786.

Diab, E., Kasraian, D., Miller, E. J., & Shalaby, A. (2020). The rise and fall of transit ridership across Canada: Understanding the determinants. Transport Policy, 96, 101-112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.07.002

Duarte, F., & Rojas, F. (2012). Intermodal connectivity to BRT: a comparative analysis of Bogotá and Curitiba. Journal of Public Transportation, 15(2), 1.

ECO Northwest, L., Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, Douglas, Administration, U. S. F. T., . . . Corporation, T. D. (2002). Estimating the benefits and costs of public transit projects: A guidebook for practitioners (Vol. 18): National Academy Press.

Foote, P. J. (2000). Chicago Transit Authority Weekday Park-and-Ride Users: Choice Market with Ridership Growth Potential. Transportation research record, 1735(1), 158-168. doi:10.3141/1735-19

Giuffrida, N., Le Pira, M., Inturri, G., & Ignaccolo, M. (2021). Addressing the public transport ridership/coverage dilemma in small cities: a spatial approach. Case studies on transport policy, 9(1), 12-21.

Goodman, J., Laube, M., & Schwenk, J. (2005). Curitiba’s bus system is model for rapid transit. Race, Poverty and the Environment, 12(1), 75-76.

Guerra, E., & Cervero, R. (2012). Transit and the” D” Word. Access Magazine, 1(40), 2-8.

Guihaire, V., & Hao, J.-K. (2008). Transit network design and scheduling: A global review. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(10), 1251-1273. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2008.03.011

Haque, M. M., Chin, H. C., & Debnath, A. K. (2013). Sustainable, safe, smart—three key elements of Singapore’s evolving transport policies. Transport Policy, 27, 20-31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2012.11.017

Hess, C. L. (2018). Light-Rail Investment in Seattle: Gentrification Pressures and Trends in Neighborhood Ethnoracial Composition. Urban Affairs Review, 56(1), 154-187. doi:10.1177/1078087418758959

Hounsell, N., Shrestha, B., & Piao, J. (2011). Enhancing Park and Ride with access control: A case study of Southampton. Transport Policy, 18(1), 194-203.

Kirby, R. F., & McGillivray, R. G. (1975). Alternative subsidy techniques for urban public transportation: Urban Institute.

Kittelson & Associates, Inc. (2013). Transit capacity and quality of service manual, Third edition. Transportation Research Board.

Kohn, H. M. (2000). Factors affecting urban transit ridership. Retrieved from https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/6367

Lane, B. W. (2010). The relationship between recent gasoline price fluctuations and transit ridership in major US cities. Journal of Transport Geography, 18(2), 214-225.

Loo, B. P. Y., Chen, C., & Chan, E. T. H. (2010). Rail-based transit-oriented development: Lessons from New York City and Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning, 97(3), 202-212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.06.002

Martens, K. (2007). Promoting bike-and-ride: The Dutch experience. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(4), 326-338. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.09.010

Murakami, J. (2015). Inclusive Land Value Capture Schemes, Integrating and Regenerating the World’s Largest Metropolis: Tokyo, Japan. In.

National Association of City Transportation Officials, N. (2016). Transit Street Design Guide: Island Press.

Neff, J. (2008). 2008 Public Transportation Fact Book. American Public Transportation Association.

Rabinovitch, J. (1992). Curitiba: towards sustainable urban development. Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 62-73.

Ransom, M. R. (2018). The effect of light rail transit service on nearby property values

Quasi-experimental evidence from Seattle. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), 387-404.

Rennaissance Planning Group. (2011). A framework for TOD in Florida. http://www.reconnectingamerica.org/assets/Uploads/201103FloridaTODFramework.pdf

Rodriguez, D. A., & Vergel-Tovar, C. E. (2018). Urban development around bus rapid transit stops in seven cities in Latin-America. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 11(2), 175-201.

Sanchez, T. W., Shen, Q., & Peng, Z.-R. (2004). Transit Mobility, Jobs Access and Low-income Labour Participation in US Metropolitan Areas. Urban Studies, 41(7), 1313-1331. doi:10.1080/0042098042000214815

Spieler, C. (2021a). Trains, Buses, People, Second Edition: An Opinionated Atlas of US and Canadian Transit, Island Press.

Spieler, C. (2021 b). Webinar: Transit, Buses, People: An Atlas of U.S. and Canadian Transit. Smart Growth Online. http://smartgrowth.org/trains-buses-people-an-atlas-of-us-and-canadian-transit/

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Taylor, B. D., & Fink, C. N. (2003). The factors influencing transit ridership: A review and analysis of the ridership literature.

Welch, T. F., & Mishra, S. (2013). A measure of equity for public transit connectivity. Journal of Transport Geography, 33, 29-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2013.09.007

Yu, B., Yang, Z., & Li, S. (2012). Real-time partway deadheading strategy based on transit service reliability assessment. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 46(8), 1265-1279. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2012.05.009

Zhang, Y., Marshall, S., & Manley, E. (2019). Network criticality and the node-place-design model: Classifying metro station areas in Greater London. Journal of Transport Geography, 79, 102485. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102485

Zhao, X., Chen, P., Jiao, J., Chen, X., & Bischak, C. (2019). How does ‘park and ride’perform? An evaluation using longitudinal data. Transport Policy, 74, 15-23.

Chapter 8 Evaluating System Performance

Alachua County. (2019). Comprehensive plan 2019-2040: Transportation mobility. https://growth-management.alachuacounty.us/CompPlan/Transportation

Bhat, C., Handy, S., Kockelman, K., Mahmassani, H., Chen, Q., & Weston, L. (2000). Development of an urban accessibility index: Literature review. (TX-01/7-4938-1). https://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/4938_4.pdf

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